A verb is a word which can assert something (usually an action) concerning a person, place, or thing. Most verbs express action. Some, however, merely express state or condition.
A preposition is a word placed before a substantive to show its relation to some other word in the sentence. The substantive which follows a preposition is called its object and is in the objective case. A phrase consisting of a preposition and its object, with or without other words, is called a prepositional phrase.
Conjunctions connect words or groups of words. Conjunctions are either cordinate or subordinate.
An interjection is a cry or other exclamatory sound expressing surprise, anger, pleasure, or some other emotion or feeling.
A clause is a group of words that forms part of a sentence and that contains a subject and a predicate. A clause used as a part of speech is called a subordinate clause.