The story of our country really began way back in the history of England in the year 1215 when King John of England was forced by some of his barons to sign a document called the Magna Carta. This document, among other things, prevented the king from taxing the barons without their consent. King John had driven England nearly to bankruptcy because he spent so much money to fund his continual participation in the Crusades. (The Crusades were a period in history when Christian knights tried to take back the Holy Land, which had been conquered by the Muslims.) The barons were tired of being taxed to pay for his wars. This document was essentially a document in medieval times to clarify the differences between the three powers in England at the time--the Catholic Church, the king, and the barons.
This is an important document because it was the first time in history that people other than the king or the church were given some powers. It did nothing about grant rights to the peasants and the merchant class. This is important because it was the very first time in the history of the world that the king and the church had their powers curbed. Not one other country in the world at this time had a Magna Carta (many still don't), and this is important because it was the English who were the first ones to colonize the areas of our country, which was first known as the thirteen colonies. These colonists brought with them these truly revolutionary ideas of individual freedom.