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38 Articles

environmental benefits statement

THE EXPLORERS JOURNAL IS PRODUCED WITH FSC® CERTIFIED, 100% POST-CONSUMER RECYCLED PAPER STOCK. AS WE EMBRACE UV PRINT TECHNOLOGY, OUR VOL ATILE ORGANIC COMPOUND (VOC) EMISSIONS CONTINUE TO SHIFT TO VIRTUALLY ZERO. THE QUARTERLY IS PRINTED BY HEMLOCK, A CARBON-NEUTRAL GREEN PRINTER. THE EXPLORERS CLUB IS COMMIT TED TO ELIMINATING SINGLE-USE PL ASTICS. THE USE OF PAPER ENVELOPES IN PLACE OF PLASTIC MAILERS IS GENEROUSLY SUPPORTED BY DONORS TO THE WORLD OCEAN WEEK PROGRAM. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ESTIMATES WERE MADE USING THE ENVIRONMENTAL PAPER NETWORK PAPER CALCULATOR VERSION 4.0. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT WWW.PAPERCALCULATOR.ORG. FSC® IS NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR ANY CALCULATIONS ON SAVING RESOURCES BY CHOOSING THIS PAPER.…

environmental benefits statement

environmental benefits statement

THE EXPLORERS JOURNAL IS PRODUCED WITH FSC® CERTIFIED, 100% POST-CONSUMER RECYCLED PAPER STOCK. AS WE EMBRACE UV PRINT TECHNOLOGY, OUR VOL ATILE ORGANIC COMPOUND (VOC) EMISSIONS CONTINUE TO SHIFT TO VIRTUALLY ZERO. THE QUARTERLY IS PRINTED BY HEMLOCK, A CARBON-NEUTRAL GREEN PRINTER. THE EXPLORERS CLUB IS COMMIT TED TO ELIMINATING SINGLE-USE PL ASTICS. THE USE OF PAPER ENVELOPES IN PLACE OF PLASTIC MAILERS IS GENEROUSLY SUPPORTED BY DONORS TO THE WORLD OCEAN WEEK PROGRAM. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ESTIMATES WERE MADE USING THE ENVIRONMENTAL PAPER NETWORK PAPER CALCULATOR VERSION 4.0. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT WWW.PAPERCALCULATOR.ORG. FSC® IS NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR ANY CALCULATIONS ON SAVING RESOURCES BY CHOOSING THIS PAPER.…

environmental benefits statement

president’s letter with eyes to the future

While the global pandemic is far from over, at long last we are coming together in person, back and going strong in careful compliance with the most recent health guidelines. Our New York headquarters has reopened and we are once again welcoming members in for lectures, book signings, and a host of other exciting events. These include our “Friday Frolics,” which provide an ideal opportunity for our international community of explorers to network and celebrate the field of exploration. Most important, as you read this message, we are well into planning our next Explorers Club Annual Dinner (ECAD), having skipped the past two years because of the pandemic. Prior to that, we had missed ECADs only twice in the 118-year history of our august institution, due to two World Wars.…

president’s letter with eyes to the future

As we were dialing up the feature well for the Winter edition of The Explorers Journal in the weeks leading up to the New Year, we found ourselves literally “ripping up the book” as a suite of ground-breaking discoveries and geological events demanded a seismic shift in our editorial attention. Among these was the discovery of the first known victim of the eruption of Thera in the second millennium BCE—an event so massive it changed the trajectory of civilization in the Eastern Mediterranean at a critical time in its cultural evolution. As marine geoarchaeologist Beverly Goodman-Tchernov tells us, a recent study of a deep deposit of tsunami debris at the site of Çeme-Balararas?, 227 kilometers northeast of Thera (modern-day Santorini), is further underscoring the power of that event, which easily…

president’s letter with eyes to the future

While the global pandemic is far from over, at long last we are coming together in person, back and going strong in careful compliance with the most recent health guidelines. Our New York headquarters has reopened and we are once again welcoming members in for lectures, book signings, and a host of other exciting events. These include our “Friday Frolics,” which provide an ideal opportunity for our international community of explorers to network and celebrate the field of exploration. Most important, as you read this message, we are well into planning our next Explorers Club Annual Dinner (ECAD), having skipped the past two years because of the pandemic. Prior to that, we had missed ECADs only twice in the 118-year history of our august institution, due to two World Wars.…

president’s letter with eyes to the future

be immortalized at THE EXPLOERS CLUB

JOIN THE “EXPLORERS IMMORTALS” AND ENGRAVE YOUR NAME OR DEDICATION IN STONE ON NEW PAVERS FOR THE LEFRAK TERRACE AT EXPLORERS CLUB HEADQUARTERS. ADORN OUR LANDMARK OUTDOOR SPACE AND HELP PAY FOR URGENT WORK FOR PHASE II RENOVATIONS BY MAKING A TAX-DEDUCTIBLE DONATION OF $3,750 PER DEDICATED PAVER TO OUR LOWELL THOMAS BUILDING FUND. THE EXPLORERS CLUB WOULD LIKE TO THANK THE FOLLOWING WHO HAVE PURCHASED A PAVER: Mark Allio, Joanna Allman, James H. Alexander, John G. Alexander, Darlene T. Anderson, Jeanne D. Andlinger, Barbara Annan, Robert J. Aresty, Robert Ashton, Atlanta Chapter, Robert J. Atwater, Norman L. Baker, Andreas Bender, Josh Bernstein, John Bierley, Bruce Blanchard, John R. Bockstoce, Brian M. Boom, John R. Boreske, Jr., Jill Botway, Gary W. Bowersox, Lawson W. Brigham, Rosalie Brinton, Diane Britz-Lotti, Charles A.…

be immortalized at THE EXPLOERS CLUB

As we were dialing up the feature well for the Winter edition of The Explorers Journal in the weeks leading up to the New Year, we found ourselves literally “ripping up the book” as a suite of ground-breaking discoveries and geological events demanded a seismic shift in our editorial attention. Among these was the discovery of the first known victim of the eruption of Thera in the second millennium BCE—an event so massive it changed the trajectory of civilization in the Eastern Mediterranean at a critical time in its cultural evolution. As marine geoarchaeologist Beverly Goodman-Tchernov tells us, a recent study of a deep deposit of tsunami debris at the site of Çeme-Balararas?, 227 kilometers northeast of Thera (modern-day Santorini), is further underscoring the power of that event, which easily…

BEFORE IT’S GONE

“Since the monitoring of Arctic Ocean sea ice by satellite began in 1979, there has been observed a clear trend of decline. It is not just that there is much less sea ice, it is also the case that what ice is there is thinner, newer, and less stable,” says noted polar explorer Felicity Aston, who is leading a six-woman British team on “a swift but intense ski expedition” to the North Pole this April to collect data on the pack ice in the Arctic Ocean. “The ice is disappearing at an alarming speed,” she explains, “yet there is much we still do not know about this unique environment, which makes this expedition so vital.” Data collected by the expedition will be analyzed by scientific experts investigating atmospheric pollution, including black…

BEFORE IT’S GONE

SPECIAL REPORT to boldly go

A FELLOW OF THE EXPLORERS CLUB SINCE 2007, KEITH COWING IS A RECOVERING ROCKET SCIENTIST AND FORMER SPACE BIOLOGIST WHO CURRENTLY SERVES AS THE EDITOR OF SPACEREF.COM. On Christmas Day, the James Webb Space Telescope left our pandemic-besieged planet to set up shop more than a million kilometers away. It has now arrived at its orbital perch to observe the universe in ways we’ve never seen before. While increasingly larger instruments are being built on Earth, the inconvenience of having an atmosphere limits many sorts of observations that astronomers yearn to make. Palomar Observatory offered splendid views toward the beginning of the last century, and the Hubble Space Telescope greatly expanded our cosmic vision through the end of it. Now Webb will extend our view even further—and it will do so, often…

SPECIAL REPORT to boldly go

be immortalized at THE EXPLOERS CLUB

JOIN THE “EXPLORERS IMMORTALS” AND ENGRAVE YOUR NAME OR DEDICATION IN STONE ON NEW PAVERS FOR THE LEFRAK TERRACE AT EXPLORERS CLUB HEADQUARTERS. ADORN OUR LANDMARK OUTDOOR SPACE AND HELP PAY FOR URGENT WORK FOR PHASE II RENOVATIONS BY MAKING A TAX-DEDUCTIBLE DONATION OF $3,750 PER DEDICATED PAVER TO OUR LOWELL THOMAS BUILDING FUND. THE EXPLORERS CLUB WOULD LIKE TO THANK THE FOLLOWING WHO HAVE PURCHASED A PAVER: Mark Allio, Joanna Allman, James H. Alexander, John G. Alexander, Darlene T. Anderson, Jeanne D. Andlinger, Barbara Annan, Robert J. Aresty, Robert Ashton, Atlanta Chapter, Robert J. Atwater, Norman L. Baker, Andreas Bender, Josh Bernstein, John Bierley, Bruce Blanchard, John R. Bockstoce, Brian M. Boom, John R. Boreske, Jr., Jill Botway, Gary W. Bowersox, Lawson W. Brigham, Rosalie Brinton, Diane Britz-Lotti, Charles…

be immortalized at THE EXPLOERS CLUB

INTO THE GATES OF HELL

A FELLOW OF THE EXPLORERS CLUB SINCE 2009, GEORGE KOUROUNIS IS AN AWARD-WINNING TELEVISION PRESENTER WHO DOCUMENTS EXTREME NATURAL FORCES. HE WAS THE HOST OF THE TV SERIES ANGRY PLANET AND IS A REGUL AR CONTRIBUTOR FOR SEVERAL SCIENCE CHANNEL PROGRAMS. HE IS EXPLORER-IN-RESIDENCE FOR THE ROYAL CANADIAN GEOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY AND SERVED AS CHAIR OF THE CANADIAN CHAPTER OF THE EXPLORERS CLUB. MORE ON HIS EXTREME EXPEDITIONS CAN BE FOUND AT WWW.FURIOUSEARTH.COM. As I stood at the edge of the burning crater, about to step off into the unknown, the glow of the fire below was as beautiful as it was terrifying. All my efforts of the past two years had come down to this one moment. I was about to drop into a place nicknamed the “Gates of Hell.” What…

INTO THE GATES OF HELL

BEFORE IT’S GONE

“Since the monitoring of Arctic Ocean sea ice by satellite began in 1979, there has been observed a clear trend of decline. It is not just that there is much less sea ice, it is also the case that what ice is there is thinner, newer, and less stable,” says noted polar explorer Felicity Aston, who is leading a six-woman British team on “a swift but intense ski expedition” to the North Pole this April to collect data on the pack ice in the Arctic Ocean. “The ice is disappearing at an alarming speed,” she explains, “yet there is much we still do not know about this unique environment, which makes this expedition so vital.” Data collected by the expedition will be analyzed by scientific experts investigating atmospheric pollution, including…

BEFORE IT’S GONE

A JOURNEY TO HELL AND BACK

In 1915, Sir Ernest Shackleton’s Imperial Trans-Antarctic expedition was halted in its tracks when his ship Endurance became trapped in the frozen Weddell Sea. After months of waiting to escape the ice, the ship was crushed and lost, leaving the 28-man complement stranded and without any means of communicating their peril to the outside world. After hauling and sailing Endurance’s three lifeboats to the bleakly inhospitable Elephant Island, Shackleton, along with five of the crew, made the 800-mile journey in the most seaworthy (and heavily modified) of the lifeboats—the James Caird, named after one of the expedition sponsors—to South Georgia from where they could raise the alarm. In the aftermath of the rescue of all of Endurance’s men, the story of the voyage of the James Caird has become regarded…

A JOURNEY TO HELL AND BACK

INTO THE LAND OF FIRE AND ICE

A FELLOW OF THE EXPLORERS CLUB SINCE 1983, ROBERT MCCRACKEN PECK IS A SENIOR FELLOW AT THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES OF DREXEL UNIVERSITY. HE HAS CARRIED THE EXPLORERS CLUB FLAG ON EXPEDITIONS TO NEPAL, VENEZUEL A, AND MONGOLIA. IN 2017, HE WAS RECOGNIZED FOR HIS CONTRIBUTIONS TO EXPLORATION, DISCOVERY, AND SCIENCE EDUCATION WITH A MEDAL JOINTLY PRESENTED BY THE ST. LOUIS AND PHIL ADELPHIA CHAPTERS OF THE EXPLORERS CLUB. In his 1871 poem “Iceland First Seen,” the English designer, writer, and social activist William Morris reveled in his life-changing trip to that island nation, asking: Why do we long to wend forththrough the length and breadth of a land,Dreadful with grinding of ice,and record of scarce hidden fire? It was a rhetorical question, for Morris knew the answer before he took his…

INTO THE LAND OF FIRE AND ICE

SPECIAL REPORT to boldly go

A FELLOW OF THE EXPLORERS CLUB SINCE 2007, KEITH COWING IS A RECOVERING ROCKET SCIENTIST AND FORMER SPACE BIOLOGIST WHO CURRENTLY SERVES AS THE EDITOR OF SPACEREF.COM. On Christmas Day, the James Webb Space Telescope left our pandemic-besieged planet to set up shop more than a million kilometers away. It has now arrived at its orbital perch to observe the universe in ways we’ve never seen before. While increasingly larger instruments are being built on Earth, the inconvenience of having an atmosphere limits many sorts of observations that astronomers yearn to make. Palomar Observatory offered splendid views toward the beginning of the last century, and the Hubble Space Telescope greatly expanded our cosmic vision through the end of it. Now Webb will extend our view even further—and it will do…

SPECIAL REPORT to boldly go

ANATOMY OF AN ERUPTION

The eruption of Thera in the mid-second millennium BCE was the most cataclysmic to have happened on Earth in the past 10,000 years—the more recent eruptions of Vesuvius in CE 79, Mount St. Helens in 1980, and Tonga in mid-January included. Perhaps more important, the eruption happened at a critical time in the arc of cultural development in the ancient Mediterranean world. Yet questions have remained regarding the precise dating and size of the eruption; the size of the tsunami or tsunamis it produced, and their collective impact on the coastal areas; and, intriguingly, the “mystery of its missing victims,” thought to have numbered 20,000, if not more. Just before press time, researchers announced an important discovery at the site of Çeşme-Bağlararası on the west coast of Turkey that is…

ANATOMY OF AN ERUPTION

INTO THE GATES OF HELL

A FELLOW OF THE EXPLORERS CLUB SINCE 2009, GEORGE KOUROUNIS IS AN AWARD-WINNING TELEVISION PRESENTER WHO DOCUMENTS EXTREME NATURAL FORCES. HE WAS THE HOST OF THE TV SERIES ANGRY PLANET AND IS A REGUL AR CONTRIBUTOR FOR SEVERAL SCIENCE CHANNEL PROGRAMS. HE IS EXPLORER-IN-RESIDENCE FOR THE ROYAL CANADIAN GEOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY AND SERVED AS CHAIR OF THE CANADIAN CHAPTER OF THE EXPLORERS CLUB. MORE ON HIS EXTREME EXPEDITIONS CAN BE FOUND AT WWW.FURIOUSEARTH.COM. As I stood at the edge of the burning crater, about to step off into the unknown, the glow of the fire below was as beautiful as it was terrifying. All my efforts of the past two years had come down to this one moment. I was about to drop into a place nicknamed the “Gates of Hell.”…

INTO THE GATES OF HELL

THE UNSTOPPABLE FORCE AND THE IMMOVABLE OBJECT

JESS PHOENIX IS A VOLCANOLOGIST, AUTHOR, AND SCIENCE COMMUNICATOR. HER WORK HAS INVOLVED DODGING NARCO-TRAFFICKERS, THWARTING HORSE THIEVES, AND INTRODUCING FIELD SCIENCE TO MILLIONS VIA VIDEO, AUDIO, AND THE WRIT TEN WORD. A FELLOW OF THE EXPLORERS CLUB SINCE 2015, SHE LIVES IN LOS ANGELES. Volcanoes claim a unique place in the collective unconscious of humanity. Feared and respected, reviled and worshipped—no other feature of our planet is so widely misunderstood. Headline-grabbing eruptions seem to garner attention once or twice a year, and inevitably the conversation has turned to volcanoes once more with the spectacular January eruption of Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha`apai in the Kingdom of Tonga. Data show the eruption—pressure behind which had been building since 2015—was the most powerful on Earth since the 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo, with a…

THE UNSTOPPABLE FORCE AND THE IMMOVABLE OBJECT

A JOURNEY TO HELL AND BACK

In 1915, Sir Ernest Shackleton’s Imperial Trans-Antarctic expedition was halted in its tracks when his ship Endurance became trapped in the frozen Weddell Sea. After months of waiting to escape the ice, the ship was crushed and lost, leaving the 28-man complement stranded and without any means of communicating their peril to the outside world. After hauling and sailing Endurance’s three lifeboats to the bleakly inhospitable Elephant Island, Shackleton, along with five of the crew, made the 800-mile journey in the most seaworthy (and heavily modified) of the lifeboats—the James Caird, named after one of the expedition sponsors—to South Georgia from where they could raise the alarm. In the aftermath of the rescue of all of Endurance’s men, the story of the voyage of the James Caird has become regarded…

A JOURNEY TO HELL AND BACK

INTO THE LAND OF FIRE AND ICE

A FELLOW OF THE EXPLORERS CLUB SINCE 1983, ROBERT MCCRACKEN PECK IS A SENIOR FELLOW AT THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES OF DREXEL UNIVERSITY. HE HAS CARRIED THE EXPLORERS CLUB FLAG ON EXPEDITIONS TO NEPAL, VENEZUEL A, AND MONGOLIA. IN 2017, HE WAS RECOGNIZED FOR HIS CONTRIBUTIONS TO EXPLORATION, DISCOVERY, AND SCIENCE EDUCATION WITH A MEDAL JOINTLY PRESENTED BY THE ST. LOUIS AND PHIL ADELPHIA CHAPTERS OF THE EXPLORERS CLUB. In his 1871 poem “Iceland First Seen,” the English designer, writer, and social activist William Morris reveled in his life-changing trip to that island nation, asking: Why do we long to wend forththrough the length and breadth of a land,Dreadful with grinding of ice,and record of scarce hidden fire? It was a rhetorical question, for Morris knew the answer before…

INTO THE LAND OF FIRE AND ICE

HUNGA TONGA-HUNGA HA`APAI

IN LATE 2014 AND EARLY 2015, A VOLCANIC ERUPTION JOINED TWO PREEXISTING ISLANDS (HUNGA TONGA AND HUNGA HA`APAI) INTO A SINGLE ISLAND LANDMASS THAT ROSE 120 METERS ABOVE SEA LEVEL. THE ILLUSTRATION HERE SHOWS ITS CONDITION IN APRIL 2021. BY JANUARY 17, THE NEWLY-FORMED ISLAND HAD BEEN TOTALLY OBLITERERATED ALONG WITH SUBSTANTIAL PORTIONS OF THE ORIGINAL ISLANDS—HUNGA TONGA AND HUNGA HA`APAI—BY A SERIES OF VIOLENT ERUPTIONS THAT BEGAN IN EARLY 2022.…

HUNGA TONGA-HUNGA HA`APAI

fruits of the frost

kaiserschmarrn with rose hip gastrique, blue cheese, and yarrow SERVES 4 IF THERE IS ONE THING WE LOVE ABOUT THE ARRIVAL OF COLDER WEATHER, IT IS THE ABUNDANCE IT BRINGS OF WILD EDIBLES READY FOR HARVEST, EVEN IN THE SNOW, SOME OF WHICH ARE INCREDIBLY FORGIVING IN THE TIME YOU HAVE TO GO OUT TO COLLECT. THIS IS ESPECIALLY TRUE OF ROSE HIPS, WHICH CAN LINGER ON THE STEM FOR A MONTH OR TWO AND STILL BE IN PERFECT CONDITION FOR HARVESTING. OVER THE COURSE OF NUMEROUS GATHERING ADVENTURES FOR OUR SERIES WILD HARVEST, WE FOUND OURSELVES RETURNING TO ROSE HIPS TO EXPLORE THEIR CULINARY POSSIBILITIES. DO REMEMBER TO WEAR GLOVES WHILE GATHERING YOUR BOUNTY AND, YES, ALL TYPES OF ROSE HIPS ARE EDIBLE—EVEN THE DOMESTIC ONES IN YOUR GARDEN—SO ONE NEVER NEED…

fruits of the frost

ANATOMY OF AN ERUPTION

The eruption of Thera in the mid-second millennium BCE was the most cataclysmic to have happened on Earth in the past 10,000 years—the more recent eruptions of Vesuvius in CE 79, Mount St. Helens in 1980, and Tonga in mid-January included. Perhaps more important, the eruption happened at a critical time in the arc of cultural development in the ancient Mediterranean world. Yet questions have remained regarding the precise dating and size of the eruption; the size of the tsunami or tsunamis it produced, and their collective impact on the coastal areas; and, intriguingly, the “mystery of its missing victims,” thought to have numbered 20,000, if not more. Just before press time, researchers announced an important discovery at the site of Çeşme-Bağlararası on the west coast of Turkey that is…

ANATOMY OF AN ERUPTION

back into the elements the risk of cold

Despite the continued waxing and waning of the pandemic coronavirus and its variants, and the attendant travel restrictions aimed at mitigation, explorers are returning to the field, many destined for inhospitable places with thermal extremes. Cold weather-related injuries include not only those due to decreased temperature, such as hypothermia and frostbite, but also those due to heaters, carbon monoxide poisoning, and accidents resulting from cold stress-induced impairment of physical and/or mental function. Cold weather injuries can also occur in warmer ambient temperatures when an individual is wet due to rain or water immersion. One of the chief concerns is frostbite. Anatomic structures furthest from the heart are most susceptible and we all know that ears, nose, fingers, and toes are most vulnerable as the body tries to conserve heat. Frostbite occurs when…

back into the elements the risk of cold

THE UNSTOPPABLE FORCE AND THE IMMOVABLE OBJECT

JESS PHOENIX IS A VOLCANOLOGIST, AUTHOR, AND SCIENCE COMMUNICATOR. HER WORK HAS INVOLVED DODGING NARCO-TRAFFICKERS, THWARTING HORSE THIEVES, AND INTRODUCING FIELD SCIENCE TO MILLIONS VIA VIDEO, AUDIO, AND THE WRIT TEN WORD. A FELLOW OF THE EXPLORERS CLUB SINCE 2015, SHE LIVES IN LOS ANGELES. Volcanoes claim a unique place in the collective unconscious of humanity. Feared and respected, reviled and worshipped—no other feature of our planet is so widely misunderstood. Headline-grabbing eruptions seem to garner attention once or twice a year, and inevitably the conversation has turned to volcanoes once more with the spectacular January eruption of Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha`apai in the Kingdom of Tonga. Data show the eruption—pressure behind which had been building since 2015—was the most powerful on Earth since the 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo, with…

THE UNSTOPPABLE FORCE AND THE IMMOVABLE OBJECT

RIVER KINGS BY CAT JARMAN 352 PP • NEW YORK: PEGASUS BOOKS, 2022 • ISBN-13: 978-1643138695 • $27.95 • REVIEWED BY CARL G. SCHUSTER University of Oslo bio-archaeologist Cat Jarman has written an extraordinary new book about the expansion of Viking culture, not only to the West—into England, Ireland, and North America—but, more importantly, to the East, into Russia and the Middle East, which began in the seventh century CE. Using a range of tools that have been developed in the field of forensic archaeology such as isotope analyses, radiocarbon dating, and DNA analyses, Jarman presents her evidence in a measured and balanced fashion, eschewing the imperative voice so prevalent in academe for the subjunctive one, which invites the reader in. Her delving into Arabic history and literature on the topic also brings…

HUNGA TONGA-HUNGA HA`APAI

IN LATE 2014 AND EARLY 2015, A VOLCANIC ERUPTION JOINED TWO PREEXISTING ISLANDS (HUNGA TONGA AND HUNGA HA`APAI) INTO A SINGLE ISLAND LANDMASS THAT ROSE 120 METERS ABOVE SEA LEVEL. THE ILLUSTRATION HERE SHOWS ITS CONDITION IN APRIL 2021. BY JANUARY 17, THE NEWLY-FORMED ISLAND HAD BEEN TOTALLY OBLITERERATED ALONG WITH SUBSTANTIAL PORTIONS OF THE ORIGINAL ISLANDS—HUNGA TONGA AND HUNGA HA`APAI—BY A SERIES OF VIOLENT ERUPTIONS THAT BEGAN IN EARLY 2022.…

HUNGA TONGA-HUNGA HA`APAI

THE EXPLORERS CLUB 46 EAST 70TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10021 WWW.EXPLORERS.ORG | 212-628-8383 AFRICA Gladys Kalema-Zikusoka gladys@ctph.org ALASKA Mead Treadwell meadwell@alaska.net ATLANTA Steve Pigott jagter@msn.com AUSTRALIA & NEW ZEALAND Todd Tai todd@mivision.com.au BHUTAN Matthew DeSantis matt@mybhutan.com CANADA Mark Britnell chapterchair@explorersclub.ca CENTRAL & SOUTH AMERICA Acting Chair: Synnove Marie Kvam Stromsvag sstromsvag@explorers.org CHICAGO/GREAT LAKES Robert A. Shuchman, PhD shuchman@mtu.edu EAST & SOUTH ASIA Steven R. Schwankert steven@sinoscuba.com FLORIDA Joseph Dituri, PhD joe@gallantaquatic.com GEORGE ROGERS CLARK Cindy Pennington cirvin100@yahoo.com GREAT BRITAIN & IRELAND Mark Wood mark@markwoodexplorer.com Rory Golden, Vice Chair rgolden@eircom.net GREATER PIEDMONT James Borton asiareview@yahoo.com HAWAII Mark Blackburn mblackburn@aol.com HONG KONG Angélica Anglés aangles@explorershk.org MIDDLE EAST Hamish Harding hharding@actionaviation.com NEW ENGLAND Gregory Deyermenjian paititi@alumni.clarku.edu NORTH PACIFIC ALASKA Joshua C. Lewis & Victoria M. Becwar-Lewis npac1@me.com NORTHERN CALIFORNIA Tom Dolan tdolan@outdoorstorms.com NORWAY Synnove Marie Kvam Stromsvag explorers.norge@gmail.com PACIFIC NORTHWEST John All, PhD john.all@wwu.edu PHILADELPHIA A.J. “Buddy” Obara, Jr. ajo_@msn.com POLAND Mariusz Zió?kowski mziolkowski@uw.edu.pl www.explorersclubpoland.pl ROCKY MOUNTAIN Jeff Blumenfeld jeff@blumenfeldpr.com www.explorers-rm.org SAN DIEGO Charlene Glacy cglacy@yahoo.com SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA Steve Elkins elkinssteve@me.com SOUTHERN FLORIDA Bruce C. Matheson bcm09@bellsouth.net SOUTHWEST Robert Louis DeMayo rdemayo07@aol.com ST. LOUIS Cynthia Peters cynthiaspeters@gmail.com SWEDEN Lars E. Larsson llarsson@explorersclub.se SWITZERLAND Laurent Develle ldevelle37@gmail.com switzerland@explorers.org TEXAS Nancy McGee nancy@islandtimescuba.com WASHINGTON, DC Arnella Trent www.explorersclubdc.org WESTERN EUROPE Ief Winckelmans westerneurope@explorers.org…

fruits of the frost

kaiserschmarrn with rose hip gastrique, blue cheese, and yarrow SERVES 4 IF THERE IS ONE THING WE LOVE ABOUT THE ARRIVAL OF COLDER WEATHER, IT IS THE ABUNDANCE IT BRINGS OF WILD EDIBLES READY FOR HARVEST, EVEN IN THE SNOW, SOME OF WHICH ARE INCREDIBLY FORGIVING IN THE TIME YOU HAVE TO GO OUT TO COLLECT. THIS IS ESPECIALLY TRUE OF ROSE HIPS, WHICH CAN LINGER ON THE STEM FOR A MONTH OR TWO AND STILL BE IN PERFECT CONDITION FOR HARVESTING. OVER THE COURSE OF NUMEROUS GATHERING ADVENTURES FOR OUR SERIES WILD HARVEST, WE FOUND OURSELVES RETURNING TO ROSE HIPS TO EXPLORE THEIR CULINARY POSSIBILITIES. DO REMEMBER TO WEAR GLOVES WHILE GATHERING YOUR BOUNTY AND, YES, ALL TYPES OF ROSE HIPS ARE EDIBLE—EVEN THE DOMESTIC ONES IN YOUR GARDEN—SO…

fruits of the frost

back into the elements the risk of cold

Despite the continued waxing and waning of the pandemic coronavirus and its variants, and the attendant travel restrictions aimed at mitigation, explorers are returning to the field, many destined for inhospitable places with thermal extremes. Cold weather-related injuries include not only those due to decreased temperature, such as hypothermia and frostbite, but also those due to heaters, carbon monoxide poisoning, and accidents resulting from cold stress-induced impairment of physical and/or mental function. Cold weather injuries can also occur in warmer ambient temperatures when an individual is wet due to rain or water immersion. One of the chief concerns is frostbite. Anatomic structures furthest from the heart are most susceptible and we all know that ears, nose, fingers, and toes are most vulnerable as the body tries to conserve heat. Frostbite…

back into the elements the risk of cold

“IT IS AN HONOR TO BE A MEMBER OF THE EXPLORERS CLUB. THAT HONOR ALSO COMES WITH RESPONSIBILITY. BESIDES THE RESPONSIBILITY OF SERVING THE CLUB IN ANY WAY THAT I CAN, I ALSO BELIEVE IT IS MY RESPONSIBILITY TO ENSURE THE OPERATION OF THE CLUB FOR GENERATIONS TO COME. THAT IS WHY I AM PROUD TO BE A MEMBER OF THE EXPLORERS CLUB LEGACY SOCIETY AND TO MAKE THEM PART OF MY ESTATE PLAN.”—ALAN FELDSTEIN, MN ’09 Mark R. Allio ▪ John G. Alexander ▪ Alan B. Albright ▪ Robert J. Atwater ▪ Capt. Norman L. Baker* ▪ Barbara Ballard ▪ Robert D. Ballard, PhD ▪ Samuel B. Ballen* ▪ Mark Gregory Bayuk ▪ Daniel A. Bennett ▪ Josh Bernstein ▪ Bruce Blanchard ▪ John R. Bockstoce, DPhil ▪ Jack Aaron…

RIVER KINGS BY CAT JARMAN 352 PP • NEW YORK: PEGASUS BOOKS, 2022 • ISBN-13: 978-1643138695 • $27.95 • REVIEWED BY CARL G. SCHUSTER University of Oslo bio-archaeologist Cat Jarman has written an extraordinary new book about the expansion of Viking culture, not only to the West—into England, Ireland, and North America—but, more importantly, to the East, into Russia and the Middle East, which began in the seventh century CE. Using a range of tools that have been developed in the field of forensic archaeology such as isotope analyses, radiocarbon dating, and DNA analyses, Jarman presents her evidence in a measured and balanced fashion, eschewing the imperative voice so prevalent in academe for the subjunctive one, which invites the reader in. Her delving into Arabic history and literature on the…

Stan Barrett rocket man

ON DECEMBER 17, 1979, STAN BARRETT TOOK HIS BUDWEISER ROCKET CAR ABOVE 700 MPH AT EDWARDS AIR FORCE BASE. IT WAS THE CULMINATION OF PROJECT S.O.S., DESIGNED TO SEND A HUMAN SUPERSONIC ON LAND FOR THE FIRST TIME, A GOAL ONCE THOUGHT IMPOSSIBLE. BARRETT SAYS HE HIT 739.666 MPH, OR MACH 1.01, AFTER IGNITING A SIDEWINDER MISSILE DURING THE RUN. WE RECENTLY CAUGHT UP WITH “ROCKET MAN” IN SUN VALLEY, IDAHO, WHERE HE RESIDES. JC: Talk about the build-up to your big day. SB: We had made 18 runs in the car, some over 700 mph. Each was a new speed record. I remember being asked, “Now that you’ve gone 700 mph, what’s the rest of the way to the sound barrier going be like?” I said, “It must be like being…

Stan Barrett rocket man

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From vast ocean depths to the frontiers of outer space, The Explorers Journal offers firsthand reporting from those pushing the limits of knowledge and human endurance. Founded in 1904 to promote exploration “by all means possible,” The Explorers Club is an international organization dedicated to the advancement of field exploration and scientific inquiry. Among our members are leading pioneers in oceanography, mountaineering, archaeology, and the planetary and environmental sciences. PHOTOGRAPH BY JIMMY CHIN, COURTESY TEN SPEED PRESS.…

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THE EXPLORERS CLUB 46 EAST 70TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10021 WWW.EXPLORERS.ORG | 212-628-8383 AFRICA Gladys Kalema-Zikusoka gladys@ctph.org ALASKA Mead Treadwell meadwell@alaska.net ATLANTA Steve Pigott jagter@msn.com AUSTRALIA & NEW ZEALAND Todd Tai todd@mivision.com.au BHUTAN Matthew DeSantis matt@mybhutan.com CANADA Mark Britnell chapterchair@explorersclub.ca CENTRAL & SOUTH AMERICA Acting Chair: Synnove Marie Kvam Stromsvag sstromsvag@explorers.org CHICAGO/GREAT LAKES Robert A. Shuchman, PhD shuchman@mtu.edu EAST & SOUTH ASIA Steven R. Schwankert steven@sinoscuba.com FLORIDA Joseph Dituri, PhD joe@gallantaquatic.com GEORGE ROGERS CLARK Cindy Pennington cirvin100@yahoo.com GREAT BRITAIN & IRELAND Mark Wood mark@markwoodexplorer.com Rory Golden, Vice Chair rgolden@eircom.net GREATER PIEDMONT James Borton asiareview@yahoo.com HAWAII Mark Blackburn mblackburn@aol.com HONG KONG Angélica Anglés aangles@explorershk.org MIDDLE EAST Hamish Harding hharding@actionaviation.com NEW ENGLAND Gregory Deyermenjian paititi@alumni.clarku.edu NORTH PACIFIC ALASKA Joshua C. Lewis & Victoria M. Becwar-Lewis npac1@me.com NORTHERN CALIFORNIA Tom Dolan tdolan@outdoorstorms.com…

“IT IS AN HONOR TO BE A MEMBER OF THE EXPLORERS CLUB. THAT HONOR ALSO COMES WITH RESPONSIBILITY. BESIDES THE RESPONSIBILITY OF SERVING THE CLUB IN ANY WAY THAT I CAN, I ALSO BELIEVE IT IS MY RESPONSIBILITY TO ENSURE THE OPERATION OF THE CLUB FOR GENERATIONS TO COME. THAT IS WHY I AM PROUD TO BE A MEMBER OF THE EXPLORERS CLUB LEGACY SOCIETY AND TO MAKE THEM PART OF MY ESTATE PLAN.”—ALAN FELDSTEIN, MN ’09 Mark R. Allio ▪ John G. Alexander ▪ Alan B. Albright ▪ Robert J. Atwater ▪ Capt. Norman L. Baker* ▪ Barbara Ballard ▪ Robert D. Ballard, PhD ▪ Samuel B. Ballen* ▪ Mark Gregory Bayuk ▪ Daniel A. Bennett ▪ Josh Bernstein ▪ Bruce Blanchard ▪ John R. Bockstoce, DPhil ▪ Jack…

Stan Barrett rocket man

ON DECEMBER 17, 1979, STAN BARRETT TOOK HIS BUDWEISER ROCKET CAR ABOVE 700 MPH AT EDWARDS AIR FORCE BASE. IT WAS THE CULMINATION OF PROJECT S.O.S., DESIGNED TO SEND A HUMAN SUPERSONIC ON LAND FOR THE FIRST TIME, A GOAL ONCE THOUGHT IMPOSSIBLE. BARRETT SAYS HE HIT 739.666 MPH, OR MACH 1.01, AFTER IGNITING A SIDEWINDER MISSILE DURING THE RUN. WE RECENTLY CAUGHT UP WITH “ROCKET MAN” IN SUN VALLEY, IDAHO, WHERE HE RESIDES. JC: Talk about the build-up to your big day. SB: We had made 18 runs in the car, some over 700 mph. Each was a new speed record. I remember being asked, “Now that you’ve gone 700 mph, what’s the rest of the way to the sound barrier going be like?” I said, “It must be…

Stan Barrett rocket man

SUBSCRIBE NOW to THE EXPLORERS JOURNAL at THEEXPLORERSJOURNAL.ORG

From vast ocean depths to the frontiers of outer space, The Explorers Journal offers firsthand reporting from those pushing the limits of knowledge and human endurance. Founded in 1904 to promote exploration “by all means possible,” The Explorers Club is an international organization dedicated to the advancement of field exploration and scientific inquiry. Among our members are leading pioneers in oceanography, mountaineering, archaeology, and the planetary and environmental sciences.…

SUBSCRIBE NOW to THE EXPLORERS JOURNAL at THEEXPLORERSJOURNAL.ORG

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