En 1971, los estudiantes universitarios mexicanos comenzaron a reorganizar su movimiento luego de que el gobierno aplastara violentamente sus protestas el 2 de octubre de 1968. El recin electo presidente Luis Echeverra lvarez adopt un enfoque diferente para lidiar con el activismo estudiantil, liberando a los presos polticos detenidos tras el movimiento de 1968, que se detuvo despus de la Masacre de Tlatelolco. Con sus demandas insatisfechas, los organizadores estudiantiles planearon una manifestacin masiva para el 10 de junio de 1971. Sera una marcha de tres kilmetros en la que participaran miles de estudiantes de universidades y escuelas preparatorias de todo el pas. Sin embargo, mientras los estudiantes marchaban ante una fuerte presencia de la polica antidisturbios, cientos de jvenes vestidos de civil se abalanzaron sobre los manifestantes. Inicialmente parecan estudiantes rivales, pero los hombres estaban armados con palos de kendo y comenzaron a atacar brutalmente a los manifestantes y transentes. Luego comenzaron a disparar contra los manifestantes con rifles semiautomticos. Ms tarde se revel que el ataque era un plan bien coordinado preparado por funcionarios de la ciudad para dispersar la marcha y, segn los informes, decenas de personas resultaron heridas o muertas. Noticias y fotografas posteriores mostraron que los atacantes eran miembros de un grupo paramilitar patrocinado por el estado conocido como los Halcones, que estaban en la nmina del gobierno de la ciudad para disolver manifestaciones y golpear a los manifestantes. El ataque se conoci como El Halconazo. En 2021, el pueblo mexicano conmemor el quincuagsimo aniversario de la masacre estudiantil. El Halconazo: La masacre de estudiantes en Mxico de 1971 (segunda edicin) ofrece un relato detallado de un evento trgico en la historia de Mxico, destacando las tensiones polticas y la violencia que han caracterizado la relacin del pas con su poblacin estudiantil. ENGLISH: In 1971, Mexican university students began reorganizing their movement following the government's violent crushing of their protests on October 2, 1968. Newly-elected President Luis Echeverria Alvarez took a different approach to student activism, freeing political prisoners detained for their role in the 1968 movement, which had stopped after the Tlatelolco Massacre. With their unmet demands, student organizers planned a massive demonstration for June 10, 1971. It was meant to be a two-mile march involving thousands of students from universities and high schools nationwide. However, as students marched amid a heavy presence of anti-riot police, hundreds of young men dressed in plain clothes descended upon the demonstrators. Initially appearing to be rival students, the men were armed with kendo sticks and began brutally attacking protesters and bystanders. The attackers then began to shoot at the demonstrators with semi-automatic rifles. The attack was later revealed to be a well-coordinated plan prepared by city officials to disperse the march, and dozens were reportedly injured or killed. Subsequent news reports and photographs showed that the attackers were, in fact, members of a state-sponsored paramilitary group known as Los Halcones (The Falcons), who were on the city government's payroll to break up demonstrations and beat protesters. As a result, the attack became known as El Halconazo (Falcon Strike). In 2021, the Mexican people commemorated the 50th anniversary of the student massacre. El Halconazo: La masacre de estudiantes en Mxico de 1971 (2nd edition) provides an account of a tragic event in Mexican history, highlighting the political tensions and violence that have characterized the country's relationship with its student population.
El Halconazo, la masacre de estudiantes en Mxico de 1971
En 1971, los estudiantes universitarios mexicanos comenzaron a reorganizar su movimiento luego de que el gobierno aplastara violentamente sus protestas el 2 de octubre de 1968. El recin electo presidente Luis Echeverra lvarez adopt un enfoque diferente para lidiar con el activismo estudiantil, liberando a los presos polticos detenidos tras el movimiento de 1968, que se detuvo despus de la Masacre de Tlatelolco. Con sus demandas insatisfechas, los organizadores estudiantiles planearon una manifestacin masiva para el 10 de junio de 1971. Sera una marcha de tres kilmetros en la que participaran miles de estudiantes de universidades y escuelas preparatorias de todo el pas. Sin embargo, mientras los estudiantes marchaban ante una fuerte presencia de la polica antidisturbios, cientos de jvenes vestidos de civil se abalanzaron sobre los manifestantes. Inicialmente parecan estudiantes rivales, pero los hombres estaban armados con palos de kendo y comenzaron a atacar brutalmente a los manifestantes y transentes. Luego comenzaron a disparar contra los manifestantes con rifles semiautomticos. Ms tarde se revel que el ataque era un plan bien coordinado preparado por funcionarios de la ciudad para dispersar la marcha y, segn los informes, decenas de personas resultaron heridas o muertas. Noticias y fotografas posteriores mostraron que los atacantes eran miembros de un grupo paramilitar patrocinado por el estado conocido como los Halcones, que estaban en la nmina del gobierno de la ciudad para disolver manifestaciones y golpear a los manifestantes. El ataque se conoci como El Halconazo. En 2021, el pueblo mexicano conmemor el quincuagsimo aniversario de la masacre estudiantil. El Halconazo: La masacre de estudiantes en Mxico de 1971 (segunda edicin) ofrece un relato detallado de un evento trgico en la historia de Mxico, destacando las tensiones polticas y la violencia que han caracterizado la relacin del pas con su poblacin estudiantil. ENGLISH: In 1971, Mexican university students began reorganizing their movement following the government's violent crushing of their protests on October 2, 1968. Newly-elected President Luis Echeverria Alvarez took a different approach to student activism, freeing political prisoners detained for their role in the 1968 movement, which had stopped after the Tlatelolco Massacre. With their unmet demands, student organizers planned a massive demonstration for June 10, 1971. It was meant to be a two-mile march involving thousands of students from universities and high schools nationwide. However, as students marched amid a heavy presence of anti-riot police, hundreds of young men dressed in plain clothes descended upon the demonstrators. Initially appearing to be rival students, the men were armed with kendo sticks and began brutally attacking protesters and bystanders. The attackers then began to shoot at the demonstrators with semi-automatic rifles. The attack was later revealed to be a well-coordinated plan prepared by city officials to disperse the march, and dozens were reportedly injured or killed. Subsequent news reports and photographs showed that the attackers were, in fact, members of a state-sponsored paramilitary group known as Los Halcones (The Falcons), who were on the city government's payroll to break up demonstrations and beat protesters. As a result, the attack became known as El Halconazo (Falcon Strike). In 2021, the Mexican people commemorated the 50th anniversary of the student massacre. El Halconazo: La masacre de estudiantes en Mxico de 1971 (2nd edition) provides an account of a tragic event in Mexican history, highlighting the political tensions and violence that have characterized the country's relationship with its student population.