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27 Articles

Featured Quote “Bottom line: Chickens don’t bathe like we (or many other animals) do. Counter to what intuition might tell you, they get clean by getting dirty. Naturally (i.e., in the wild or when free ranging), they’ll dig a shallow pit in suitable soil (the dustier the better), loosen it all up with their claws, and then roll around in it, fluffing it through to cover every possible speck of skin and feather. Why would they do this? It keeps parasites such as mites and lice from taking hold, and weirdly, even cleans their feathers to some degree.” — Victoria Gazeley, “How to Create a Chicken Dust Bath for Winter Bathing,” Modern Homesteading blog at www.Grit.com Community Chickens Thinking of raising chickens? Check out Community Chickens, a web community of chicken keepers, novice and…

DIY Chicken Roost: How to Keep Your Chickens Safe By Tracy Lynn “Over the years I have found when raising chickens, it is best to be proactive whenever possible. If it can happen, at least in our case, it will happen, so I like to try to be a few steps ahead in order to keep our entire flock protected in their coop. That is why having a safe and secure roost is crucial to the safety of your entire flock, especially at night.”—from Simple Living Country Gal blog Tracy Lynn took the plunge into farm life 16 years ago. With no experience, she turned to her favorite learning resource, the library, and read all she could on gardens, chickens, pigs, and goats. Find her blog at www.Grit.com. Small Flock Future By Christine Heinrichs “When the…

Your Backyard Chickens

Your Backyard Chickens

Did you know a chicken’s “teeth” are inside its body? Or that chickens need bacteria to have a healthy digestive system? Or that feed includes more than just nutrients? Learn more about how your chickens’ diet contributes to their overall health and well-being. Understanding Digestion Understanding how a chicken’s digestive tract works can help you maintain a healthy flock. Remember that they’re not mammals, so things work a bit differently than in a human digestive system. A chicken picks up food with its beak. The food mixes with saliva and digestive enzymes as it moves from the mouth to the esophagus. No chewing is involved — the food is simply swallowed. Then it moves into the crop, an expandable pouch, where it can be stored for up to 12 hours. The crop slowly…

3 Chicken Ailments and Their Natural Treatments

Poultry body language can help you recognize the first signs of sickness, and to help prevent issues from arising. Prevention is key when it comes to keeping your flock healthy and happy. As Benjamin Franklin said, “An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure.” Thankfully, preventing common chicken ailments using natural remedies is fairly simple. With just a few herbs and a clean living environment, your chickens will thrive and live their best life. Respiratory Ailments If I had a nickel for every time someone came to me asking me why their chicken is sneezing or coughing, I’d be a millionaire. Let me preface this with the simple reality that chickens sneeze and cough when something irritates their respiratory system. They are pecking at a dusty or muddy ground all…

3 Chicken Ailments and Their Natural Treatments

Treating and Preventing CHICKEN FROSTBITE

I like to think that I am deliberate in tending to our flock of chickens during the winter, but it still happened! Yep, one of our chickens got frostbite on her comb. See black spots on your chicken’s comb or feet? That’s frostbite. Thankfully, our case didn’t get any worse and it naturally took care of itself. I’ve come to realize that most cold-climate chicken keepers will deal with frostbite at one time. When researching this topic, a friend told me that one of her chickens lost a toe last year, most likely to frostbite. Factors other than frigidly cold temperatures can contribute to frostbite. Did you know that wind chill and moisture can also cause frostbite? Also, water dripping onto the wattles puts a chicken at high risk for frostbite, especially in…

Treating and Preventing CHICKEN FROSTBITE

From HEADLINES to Fine Print

Anyone new to raising chickens is bound to be confused at the feed store. With such a complex diversity of feeds available at different price points, it can be hard to determine which one to buy. Choosing the right feed so chickens have proper nutrition isn’t as complicated as it might seem. A little time spent reading labels makes that decision a bit easier. Every animal has specific nutritional needs, so the store will likely have bags of goat, calf, pig, catfish, and horse feeds in addition to chicken feed. Complexity doesn’t end when a customer reaches the piles of feed tailored for different kinds of birds at different stages of life. Then there’s medicated and non-medicated chick feed as well as organic and conventional feed. It can be overwhelming. The best…

From HEADLINES to Fine Print

The old adage “You are what you eat” certainly applies to chickens. A strong foraging instinct gives chickens the ability to thrive naturally on a wide variety of plants and insects. However, some modern backyard birds aren’t lucky enough to range countless acres and forage for their nutritional needs. Further, young chickens have different needs than mature birds. In addition, layers and meat birds should be fed specific diets depending on their purpose. As the seasons change, so do nutritional requirements. So what is a chicken keeper to do? That all depends on what kinds of chickens you have and what their purposes are. Back in the old days, Grandma would toss a few handfuls of scratch grains and some kitchen scraps to the yard birds each day. Her hens would free…

Making Your Own Feed

Most chicken keepers choose to use complete feeds for the convenience, because all the guesswork is taken out. Some folks, however, want to be able to grow and/or make their own feed. If you choose to make your own, it’s essential that it contains all the basic nutritional requirements for your birds. Feeding an incomplete diet will compromise your birds’ health and growth, as well as the nutrition in the eggs. Finding the right combination of ingredients to create a balanced, complete feed with the necessary macronutrients (proteins, carbohydrates, and fats) and micronutrients (vitamins and minerals) is key. Ideally, the feed should be ground and mixed, because chickens will pick out their favorite components first. Some examples of common ingredients: Proteins: Soybeans, canola meal, cotton meal, rice meal, fish meal, alfalfa, peas, seeds,…

Making Your Own Feed

Poultry On Pasture

There seems to be a widespread belief that poultry raised on pasture — call them open-range, free-range, or another buzzword — run around and meet all their protein and nutritional needs by eating only bugs and plant seeds. I often see this notion perpetuated in written text. Very little is said about the nutrition provided by the actual green plants and forage that the birds eat. In most cases, these plants and forage make up a surprisingly large part of the open-range poultry diet. Within the first half of the 20th century, it was a given that open-range and pasturing would be a part of most poultry diets in farm settings. College and university textbooks on poultry management, from the 1920s through the mid-1950s, took this into account. Research on the…

Poultry On Pasture

Seven Safety Tips for FREE-RANGING CHICKENS

Chickens love to free-range, and many folks allow their chickens to roam freely around their yards, fields, and acreages to their heart’s content. Free ranging a flock has plenty of benefits, including access to pasture and bugs, and helps to prevent issues that confined birds face. Sometimes, free-ranging flocks face issues that can be avoided. Here are a few tips to help make the experience better for the flock. Know Your Predators. Be sure to check out which predators are in your area. Predators can attack from the ground or sky, and are out 24 hours a day. Consider supervised free ranging. Consider predator deterrents, but accept the fact that, on occasion, free-ranging flocks will have losses to predators. A Safe Place to Harbor. Free-ranging birds should have places to hide and…

Seven Safety Tips for FREE-RANGING CHICKENS

Eggs-cellent Layers

You love getting tasty eggs from your hens, so how can you keep them healthy, happy, and laying? There are a number of factors that can influence how many eggs a hen lays in her lifetime. The Laying Cycle The laying cycle is an important part of a hen’s life. An egg, or ovum, starts in the ovary, high in the bird’s body, near the spine. The ovary looks like a cluster of grapes, with some ova larger than others. As the ova mature, they are released into the reproductive tract, or oviduct. If there is a rooster in your flock, the egg will be fertilized soon after entering the oviduct. The various structures are added to the egg by the oviduct: egg white, chalazae (“twisters”), and membranes. The final step is…

Eggs-cellent Layers

Choosing Chickens

Folks are flocking to chickens as their new “pandemic project.” What’s to love about backyard birds? And what’s not so great? Let’s take a look. Hen-efits! First, let’s look at the good stuff. As with any pet, there are many positives to keeping chickens. Incredible Eggs. First and foremost are the eggs. They’re fresher and tastier than store-bought eggs, with perky, deep-yellow yolks. You might get a few double-yolked eggs as an added bonus. (Learn more about egg production on Page 36.) Engaging Education. Next, chickens provide you and your children with important life lessons with a hands-on approach. Caring for an animal helps children develop empathy and responsibility. You can ask your children to keep a coop diary. Through having chickens, your children will also learn about the life cycle, where food comes…

Choosing Chickens

5 Gentle Chicken Breeds

For children, building a relationship with a pet can help them develop language skills, provide a fun sensory experience, and encourage the stewardship of another life. Over the years, I’ve found that chickens get children excited the most. Children know eggs are food, but they’re often shocked to learn where those eggs come from. They discover that hens lay eggs (out of their butts!), and you can eat those eggs? And you can keep chickens in your backyard? What’s not to love? As I share my experiences raising chickens and a child with autism with my readers, more and more people tell me that they also have a young family member on the spectrum. They often ask which chicken breeds are best for children living with autism. Any chicken can make a…

5 Gentle Chicken Breeds

WHY RAISE HERITAGE LIVESTOCK?

Heritage breed animals are important elements of our farming history, and helpful additions to any small farm. Heritage breeds diversify a farm and the gene pool of their species, and often will add a colorful splash to your barnyard. In the poultry world, heritage breeds are often some of the most colorful and fun to keep. A heritage breed chicken is defined by The Livestock Conservancy as a breed recognized by the American Poultry Association that is naturally mating, has a long and productive lifespan, and a natural, slow rate of growth. Similarly, heritage ducks, geese, and other animals should lead long lives without growing unnaturally fast or mating through artificial means. Heritage breed animals are not just important because of their versatility on the farm. They also help diversify the farming…

WHY RAISE HERITAGE LIVESTOCK?

Chickens Looking a Little Naked?

All chickens experience molt — the normal, natural process of losing and regrowing feathers. In addition to allowing for flight, feathers protect and insulate birds against hot, cold, and rainy weather. They also protect their thin skin from infection and cuts. Through molting, chickens gain a fresh, new coat of feathers. They molt after 18 months of age, as the days shorten, any time between August and December. A molt can last four to 16 weeks, depending on the bird. Developing feathers push out through the feather follicles, surrounded by a protective sheath. The shaft of each feather has a purple tint due to the supply of blood that provides nutrients to support growth. These feathers are called pin feathers or blood feathers. The blood supply dries up when the feathers…

Chickens Looking a Little Naked?

Why You Should Be Letting Your Chickens OUT

When I was growing up, the man who lived across the street would, every morning, go down to his chicken coop and let all of his chickens out for the day. They spent the day outside, coming and going from the coop as they pleased. Every evening, he went down to the coop and made sure they were all up for the night. He raised and sold both chicks and eggs and had about 50 hens at any given time. I never realized until I got older and had my own chickens why he raised them this way. Benefits of Pasture-Raising Chickens Many different terms describe what is essentially letting chickens loose during the day. Free-ranging, foraging, pasture-raised, etc. It’s important to note that if you are selling meat or eggs then…

Why You Should Be Letting Your Chickens OUT

The Budget Coop Scoop

Once you get caught up in the idea of having chickens, it’s easy to find yourself spending more on them and the coop then you ever thought you would. For many people, chickens are a hobby as well as pets with benefits: I’m thinking of my wife and myself. We spent so much of my time and her money on our pagoda-roofed coop that we won’t break even on eggs in our lifetimes. But for folks who don’t have that kind of budget, building a highly functional and attractive coop can still be affordable by using free pallets. A few years back, at a feed and seed store, I met a young first-grade teacher named Katie Ford checking out the tubs filled with chicks. She told me she wanted to build…

The Budget Coop Scoop

How to Build a DROPPING BOARD

It’s an irrefutable fact: Chickens poop, and they poop a lot. In the coop, their favorite place to poop is off the edge of the roost when they’re sleeping at night. This means that, every night, droppings build up right under the roost in a specific and concentrated line. Ultimately, this becomes the dirtiest place in the coop, and accounts for most of the waste that fouls coop bedding. Whether you’re pursuing low-maintenance chicken management and using the deep litter method, or you just want to make coop clean-outs easier and less frequent, a dropping board may be your next secret weapon against chicken poop. So let’s talk about poop and take a look at what exactly a dropping board is, its benefits, and how to construct a simple one for your own…

How to Build a DROPPING BOARD

Ironclad Coop Defense

On the rural southwest Virginia road where my wife, Elaine, and I live, a number of folks raise chickens. Understandably, then, it’s common for us to exchange information on how our respective flocks are doing. So, several months ago, I wasn’t surprised to receive a frantic call from a neighbor that “some hawk is eating one of my chickens.” I quickly walked to her backyard, where I observed a red-tailed hawk finish consuming a white leghorn hen before the raptor flew away at my arrival. I wasn’t surprised at the predator’s successful raid — my neighbor doesn’t have netting over her run. Contrast that with what happens whenever a hawk or owl visits our backyard. Numerous times over the years, I’ve witnessed hawks perched either on the posts of our two chicken…

Ironclad Coop Defense

Hen Management 101

Keeping backyard poultry can be a fun and rewarding hobby, though it doesn’t come without its challenges. Maintaining a healthy flock requires managing the day-to-day upkeep, as well as monthly and seasonal concerns. Take the guesswork out of chicken husbandry by anticipating and troubleshooting problems before they arise. Preventative maintenance makes managing your flock’s health as easy as chicken pot pie. Managing Nutrition Chickens have specific nutritional requirements at every age. Newly hatched chicks require nutrients to build bone, while laying hens need nutrients for egg production. All chickens need water. Water Requirements The No. 1 most important “nutrient” for poultry is water. Water intake requirements for poultry will vary by season. Hot temps and high humidity in the summer months will increase the need for drinking water. A young chick that is growing…

Hen Management 101

Animal-Assisted Therapy: A Beginner’s Guide

In the human body, there are all sorts of hormones floating around. Some of these hormones cause stress, while others induce relaxation. Some of the hormones that make you stress are aldosterone, cortisol, and adrenaline. Many others make you relax and be a happier person. Just two of these are dopamine and oxytocin. Oxytocin is a major player in making people feel better. It is exactly the opposite from cortisol (the stress hormone) and helps you calm down. It also helps you bond more easily socially and has a healing property. This is one reason why Animal-Assisted Therapy is so successful. When an animal is present, most people automatically relax, since those stress hormones immediately decrease when an animal is present. After about half an hour, oxytocin is being released,…

Animal-Assisted Therapy: A Beginner’s Guide

Caring For Your New Chickens

It’s that time of year again. The sun is shining, the daffodils are blooming, and there is a distinct peeping noise at every farm store across the country. It’s time for chicks. If you’ve been wooed by those little fluffy yellow balls of cuteness you are in for a treat. Chickens are a joy to have around. If you are new to the chicken game, fear not. In this article, I am going to take you through the ins and outs of caring for your new chicks, which starts with making sure your chick supply kit is at the ready. HOUSING FOR YOUR NEW CHICKS The first step in caring for your new chicks is setting up a brooder. Your little fluffballs need to be kept warm and dry for their first…

Caring For Your New Chickens

What to Do About Poultry Remorse

One of the first things people get really excited about on their homesteading journey is adding chickens. They seem like an easy first livestock animal; small, easily managed, and they produce eggs and meat with minimal effort. Many towns and cities are allowing chickens within city limits, giving urban folk a chance to produce more of their own food. If you have never kept chickens before, there are some things you want to consider. 1. Choose the Right Breed I cannot put enough emphasis on researching the breed you want to keep. It could make all the difference in your chicken-keeping experience. Consider the birds’ size, activity level, rate of maturity, rate of lay, and friendliness. You don’t want an active bird living in a confined space. Crazy birds = unhappy chicken…

What to Do About Poultry Remorse

STEALING FROM SNAKES

Oh, Spring! The snow in melting, and the sun is shining or maybe it’s raining and gloomy … or you just got dumped with another foot of snow. Well, the weather might not be cooperating yet, but there is one thing that unites the spring experience for all chicken lovers, and that’s the sound of peeping at your local feed supply store. Keep Them Warm Whether you’re bringing home babies from the store, or welcoming them out of their eggs in an incubator, you’re going to need some place to put them until they grow enough feathers to regulate their own body temperature, even if the outside is still frozen. Their first home needs to be secure, have enough space, and most importantly, it has to keep them warm. Typically, whatever the size…

STEALING FROM SNAKES

WINNER, WINNER, CHICKEN DINNER

Chicken is one of those versatile foods that delivers comfort in a multitude of ways. Hungry for Italian or Tex-Mex? How about Chinese? No problem; chicken fits the bill. Chicken is economical and readily available, and it cooks quickly and with ease. It’s good for any occasion, be it a birthday lunch or a holiday party. It pairs well with just about anything, and can be dressed up or down and still taste just as good. Whether you’re looking for a quick weeknight meal, an impressive dish to serve guests, or a winning tailgate appetizer, chicken’s got you covered. So, next time you’re wondering what to whip up, try one of these recipes that’ll showcase chicken in a delicious way. ‘BEST EVER’ HONEY BARBECUE DRUMSTICKS These savory drumsticks will quickly become a…

WINNER, WINNER, CHICKEN DINNER

DUCKS or GEESE for FARM POULTRY ?

I’vekept poultry for most of my life, and waterfowl have always been an important inclusion. Our farm currently has both ducks and geese, and both species are serving the farm in their own unique ways with their own special attributes. Comparing Eggs Ducks are year-round layers and are much more regular producers than chickens. Their large eggs are prized for high nutritional content and are the equivalent to about two chicken eggs. Creamy, rich, and delicious, duck eggs make for delicious baked goods. A female duck will lay consistently throughout the winter months when hens typically slow production, and they average around 180 eggs in a year. Goose eggs are more unusual than duck eggs, and, unlike ducks, geese are very much seasonal layers. They typically lay from May through September, but if you…

DUCKS or GEESE for FARM POULTRY ?

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