5 min.
EXPLAINING THE ENLIGHTENMENT
How has our understanding of what constituted the Enlightenment changed?
Historians’ interest in the Enlightenment is actually quite recent, gathering pace only after the Second World War. Until then, understanding of the ‘what, when and where’ of the Enlightenment was quite simple. It was a movement of philosophers and men of letters committed to the application of reason to human affairs, and therefore hostile to established churches, in favour of toleration, and, in some cases, actively irreligious. Its period was the 18th century, with a ‘pre-Enlightenment’ in the late 17th century; it ended in the French Revolution. Its principal location was France, where the ‘philosophes’ led by Voltaire proclaimed a new age of lumières; but it had a significant outpost in Germany, where the philosopher Immanuel Kant defined Aufklärung by…
