Italy turns on Rome

The revolts of the early Imperial period were not the first time that Rome had found itself waging war against its former allies. A century earlier, many of Rome’s Italian city-state allies had rebelled, leading to the outbreak of the Social War in 91 BC (the bellum sociale; or the Italian War). These allies had been contributing a significant amount of manpower, outnumbering Romans on the battlefield by the third century BC. While the allies enjoyed some benefits, they also faced increasing Roman interference in domestic affairs, and had not been granted citizenship. Some were fighting to free themselves of Rome, while others were aiming to gain Roman citizen status for their population. Appian (Civil War 1.39) claims that 100,000 infantry and cavalry mobilised, and initial operations were able to…

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Ancient Warfare (Digital) - 1 Issue, AW XVII.3

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