Diodorus gives credit to Philip of Macedon for the creation of the phalanx (16.3.1-2), but there is an account that someone else was responsible. A fragment of the fourth century BC historian Anaximenes of Lampsacus credits the reforms of the Macedonian military to an Alexander (Phillippica fragment 4). The question is: which one? It could be Alexander % Philip’s eldest brother who was king of Macedon 370-368. Anaximenes includes the details in the naming of the cavalry as the Companions and of using those of highest honour to fill its ranks, and naming the Foot Companions (pezhetairoi). He also talks of the division of the infantry into companies and files and other commands. The earliest known naming of the pezhetairoi is in a speech by Demosthenes (Second Olynthiac 17). Anaximenes…
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Ancient Warfare (Digital) - 1 Issue, AW XVII.3